13 The majority of parents of autistic children actually favor the use of genetic screening and counseling because they believe that the increased knowledge empowers and helps them to intervene earlier than they might have otherwise. People with autism have difficulty expressing themselves and exhibit repetitive and restrictive behavior patterns. It is marked by difficulties in communication and social interactions. 13 Overall, approximately two-thirds of autistic children receive some form of genetic screening and/or counseling however, Black children are much less likely than their White peers to be offered these services. Autism or Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, generally appearing in the first 2-3 years of one’s life. 10– 12 Unfortunately, this inequality in the care of autistic individuals, and particularly for Black children, is also observed in the context of genetic screening and counseling. Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and other children of color, particularly those with co-occurring intellectual disabilities, are more likely to have a missed or delayed diagnosis of autism. CDC is working to find out how many children have ASDs, discover the risk factors, and raise awareness of the signs. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. 9 Moreover, well-documented racial and ethnic disparities exist in the timely identification and genetic screening of autistic individuals. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Since that time, it has become one of the standard diagnostic tools both school systems and independent clinicians use when screening for developmental disabilities. One recent study with 1280 participants revealed that although 16.5% of participants had some genetic testing done, only 3% had received both recommended tests. ADOS is a standardized diagnostic test for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD ), published by Western Psychological Services (WPS) in 2000 and now available in 15 different languages. Despite the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics establishing fragile X and chromosomal microarray testing as standard-of-care, first-tier tests in the genetic evaluation of autistic individuals, 7, 8 a surprisingly low number of autistic individuals receive these recommended genetics tests.
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