Sodium, for example, is a reactive metal. Table salt is composed of two different components with different physical and chemical properties. One example of such a chemical is table salt. If the spheres touch, they are part of a single unit of a compound. Dalton stated that compounds are made up of two or more different sorts of atoms in the third section of his atomic theory. The concept that matter is composed of discrete particles is an ancient idea, but gained scientific credence in the 18th and 19th centuries when scientists found it could explain the behaviors of gases and how chemical elements reacted with each other. Daltons Atomic Theory and Atomic Structure. 2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties 3) Compounds. What are the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases (4) Click. The purple spheres represent atoms of another element. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. In the following drawing, the green spheres represent atoms of a certain element. And if atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, then the total mass of matter present when matter changes from one type to another will remain constant (the law of conservation of matter). For example, if an element such as copper consists of only one kind of atom, then it cannot be broken down into simpler substances, that is, into substances composed of fewer types of atoms. (credit copper: modification of work by )ĭalton’s atomic theory provides a microscopic explanation of the many macroscopic properties of matter that you’ve learned about. \): When the elements copper (a shiny, red-brown solid, shown here as brown spheres) and oxygen (a clear and colorless gas, shown here as red spheres) react, their atoms rearrange to form a compound containing copper and oxygen (a powdery, black solid).
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